|
|
 |
|
|
Age related Macular Degeneration
(ARMD) is a progressive degeneration
of the macula. Macula is the central
part of the retina that allows us
to see fine details. Many people
develop Macular Degeneration as
part of body’s natural ageing process.
In the past, treatment for ARMD
was limited but extensive research
on the subject has made its management
possible, thereby helping the elderly
retain their vision and improve
their quality of life.
Forms of Macular Degeneration
There are two types of ARMD:
Dry Macular Degeneration (atrophic):
This form is the more common form
of the disease and accounts for
90% of all ARMD. Central geographic
atrophy, the “dry” form of advanced
AMD, results from atrophy to the
retinal pigment epithelial layer
below the retina, which causes vision
loss through loss of photoreceptors
(rods and cones) in the central
part of the eye. No medical or surgical
treatment is available for this
condition, however vitamin supplements
with high doses of antioxidants,
lutein and zeaxanthin, have been
suggested. Vision loss is usually
gradual and may take years. Low
vision aids may help the patient
to do reading and near vision work.
Wet Macular Degeneration (exudative):
This form is characterized by development
of abnormal blood vessels beneath
the retinal pigment epithelial layer
known as choroidal neovascularization
(CNV). Neovascular or exudative
AMD, the “wet” form of advanced
AMD, causes vision loss due to abnormal
blood vessel growth (choroidal neovascularization)
in the choriocapillaris, through
Bruch's membrane, ultimately leading
to blood and protein leakage below
the macula. Bleeding, leaking, and
scarring from these blood vessels
eventually cause irreversible damage
to the photoreceptors and rapid
vision loss if left untreated.
The two most common types of age
related macular degeneration are:
|
|
|
|
|
|
